•Plasmacytes are non-granular cells which are not normally found in peripheral blood. they play an important role in synthesizing protein fractions of blood for fighting diseases. •Plasma blast •PRO plasmacyte •plasmacyte Plasma blast It is different from other blasts in the bone marrow. Nucleus is oval and slightly accentric.2-5 fairly large nucleoli. Chromatin network is […]
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Introduction and Types •The word tundra is derived from a Finnish word “tunturi” meaning a tree-less plain. In Russian language tundra means a “marshy treeless landscape”. •There are two types of tundra’s. •a. Arctic Tundra: Some five million acres of Arctic tundra stretches across Canada, Northern Europe, Siberia and. Alaska encircling the North Pole. •b.
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•Hypochromic anemia, or Hypochromic anaemia, is a generic term for any type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are paler than normal. (Hypo– refers to less, and chromic means color.) •A normal red blood cell will have an area of pallor in the center of it; it is biconcave disk shaped. In hypochromic cells, this area of central pallor is increased.
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•Leukemia, also spelled leukemias, is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. •Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically made
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Standardized Procedure •The constituents of the blood may be altered by a number of factors which are listed in Box 1.1. •It is important to have a standard procedure for the collecting and handling of blood specimens. Venous blood •It is now common practice for specimen collection to be undertaken by specially trained phlebotomists, and
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Introduction •With the world growing at a pace hard to match, the increasing need for space is turning out to be an area of concern. •With desperate need for land for agricultural, industrial and most importantly urban needs to contain cities and their growing population, a direct action that we have come to recognize as “Deforestation”
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•An ecological niche is the role that a speciesplays and its position within the environment in which it develops; it is the way in which it manages to satisfy its food and shelter needs, how it survives and how it reproduces. •A species’ niche includes all its interactions with both bioticand abiotic factors in its environment. •Let us remember that biotic factors are all living beings, while
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Introduction •Leukopoiesis is the process of formation of leukocytes (white blood cells) from stem cells in haematopoietic organs. •Leukocytes develop from either multipotential myeloid stem cells (CFU-GEMM) or multipotential lymphoid stem cells (CFU-L). •Leukocytes developing from CFU-GEMM’s are granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils andeosinophils) or monocytes. •Leukocytes developing from CFU-Ls are lymphocytes (T & B cells, dendritic and NK cells). Granulopoiesis •All granulocytes develop
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Basic Types of Taxonomic Characters Comparison of material depends to some extent on the purposes of the comparison. For mere identification, a suitable key, with attention given only to the characters in it, may be enough in well-known groups. If the form is likely to be a new one, its general position is determined by
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Introduction •Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. •It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and
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